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Book Review: THE FIGURE OF EIGHT (1931) by Cecil Waye

12/23/2024

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Cecil John Charles Street is far better known to classic detective fiction readers for his many enjoyable mysteries published under his pseudonyms John Rhode and Miles Burton than for his four early titles credited to Cecil Waye. These rare Waye-ward books from the early 1930s have been resurrected and are now available in print and eBook form from Dean Street Press, which is cause for celebration. The first entry, Murder at Monk’s Barn (1931), is a satisfying locked room puzzle in which the author makes good use of his detective protagonists, siblings Christopher and Vivienne Perrin. For the second Waye story, The Figure of Eight, Vivienne is completely offstage tending to her marriage, and Christopher finds himself embroiled in abstract international intrigue as two tiny (fictional) Central American republics fight over land and stolen government documents.

Street should certainly be commended for trying his hand at a thriller with the trappings of global politics; it’s not too much of a stretch to think that with Eight he may have hoped to deliver a tale similar in spirit to John Buchan’s The Thirty-Nine Steps or Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent. The problem with The Figure of Eight, I feel, is twofold. First, the character of Christopher Perrin just isn’t particularly engaging. With his sister no longer around to provide definition and badinage, the blandness of Christopher’s personality is even more pronounced. Second, the conflict between two small foreign countries fighting over contested mineral-rich land – said countries are named Montedoro and San Benito, with no specifics offered to distinguish one from the other in the mind of the reader – is so conceptual and figuratively distant that it acts as mere premise and nothing else. And that would be okay, except that the murders and the peril that follow as a result are scarcely more involving.

There is the promise of an alluring puzzle in the book’s first chapter: as a London bus reaches the end of the line, its driver finds an unconscious woman still in her seat. Unable to wake her, he summons a doctor and the passenger dies as she is being transferred to hospital. Investigations reveal that a man had accompanied her earlier, speaking forcefully in a foreign language. Where was this man now, and how did the woman die under such mysterious circumstances? Unfortunately, the answers are rather disappointing – yes, we are in the realm of exotic (and generic) untraceable poisons – and the incidents that occur from these events are less than engrossing. Christopher is poisoned not once but twice, both times secretly carrying some mainthornine, the only known antidote to the poison called “The Merciful Death”, which has been conveniently created by Perrin’s medical friend Sir Douglas Mainthorne.

Street stages several other intrigues in The Figure of Eight, and new incidents are launched and paced well enough to keep the plot moving forward. A mystery woman named Isabelle de Laucourt appears, and Montedorian delegate Señor Vincente de Lanate finds that official documents have been stolen and, later, is killed in an apartment building ambush along with his two assassins (or was it all a set-up?). And then there’s the tipped-over figure of eight itself, the infinity symbol found on a letter and a strip of newspaper that was the symbol of a once-powerful secret society. Could this cabal be operating today?

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For me, all these incidents never really add up to much, even as the basic ingredients have potential. What should be a climactic confrontation between resourceful hero and unmasked villain feels rather rote. There are no genuine puzzles for Perrin to solve in a traditional way, so instead he finds himself stumbling into various rendezvous with the sinister foreign forces that a more astute or cautious detective would avoid. At separate points in the story, both the pragmatic Inspector Philpott and the exotic villain bemoan the loss of such a brilliant mind should Christopher die. But the amateur detective does not demonstrate much of this innate brilliance in the book, nor is he given much opportunity to do so.

As always, I am grateful to publishers like Dean Street Press for making rare and expensive texts (even mediocre ones) from detective fiction’s Golden Age accessible to readers once more. The Figure of Eight is worth a look for Street/Rhode/Burton completists, but I doubt the title will wind up on anyone’s top 10 (or even top 100) list. Over at In Search of the Classic Mystery Novel, Puzzle Doctor was similarly underwhelmed, while R.E. Faust at Witness to the Crime was more forgiving in his review.

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Book Review: MURDER IN ABSENCE (1954) by Miles Burton

11/1/2022

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One of the most curiously structured crime stories in the voluminous John Rhode/Miles Burton canon, 1954’s Murder in Absence spends its first half investigating the death of an unlucky estate agent in the market town of Hembury and its second half onboard a freighter helmed and staffed by Norwegians in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Inspector Arnold looks into the strange circumstances of the murder of Rufus Jones, a realtor who disappears for several days. Eventually, his body is found in a storage building on one of the available properties. Jones’s automobile is found abandoned on farmland away from the building where his body was discovered, but the car’s interior appears to have been the scene of a mighty struggle. Arnold strongly suspects Tom White, Jones’s cousin and business partner, who has motive and opportunity for dispatching his relative.

And then, starting in Chapter 10, we leave the inspector to his suspicion and his procedure and instead board The Ballerina, a commercial freighter that also accepts a limited number of tourist passengers to accompany the crew on their business voyage. Desmond Merrion and his wife Mavis find themselves well suited to the unfussy arrangements, and plan to travel for six weeks while High Eldersham Hall undergoes renovations. Dozens of pages go by with no apparent mystery in sight, although the reader knows enough to keep an eye on Mr. Jasper Wilberton, an outspoken older man who has his nephew, Horace Bewdley, in tow. What we know that Merrion does not is that Mr. Wilberton had called on H. Jones and Son Estate Agents the day that Rufus Jones went missing.

The mystery story connecting the two sections is interesting but not exceptional, and as sometimes happens in the Miles Burton books, two things occur: poor Inspector Arnold becomes focused on a single, incorrect suspect and finds it hard to look past him; and the reader is denied an important piece of information (here, the relationship between killer and victim and the motive for murder) until it is revealed near the end of the book. Somehow, such withholding of details, which muddies the fair-play waters, never really frustrates me when I read a mystery story by the prolific Cecil John Charles Street. I think it is because Street always practices forthright, clear-eyed procedural storytelling, and that style is compulsively readable even if it lacks surprise or filigree. (There is a reason why he is identified as a writer belonging to the “humdrum” school of detective fiction.)

But the mystery plot is not the most memorable and, yes, surprising part of Murder in Absence. That honor goes to the author’s detailed and affectionate evocation of the Merrions’ cruise experience aboard that Greece-bound freighter. Street doesn’t merely offer up general details; rather, there are dozens of observations about life aboard a working cargo ship for both passengers and crew that the author delivers with a reporter-like authenticity.

The specifics are quirky and fascinating and must surely have been collected from real life. Merrion’s mischievous tricking of a Norwegian waiter into believing the ship is three miles out from shore so drinks can be ordered; the pulley system used – and the accompanying clamor – when cargo is swung from the dock to the loading bay; even the descriptions of the rocky Greek islands and the novelty of the on-ship smorgasbord are presented with a knowing, experiential touch. I found these passages a delight, largely because it felt like Street was taking pleasure to share his own recent adventures. In his biography and genre study Masters of the “Humdrum” Mystery, scholar Curtis Evans writes that Murder in Absence “draws on the peripatetic John and Eileen Street’s practical knowledge of realtors and freighters to provide a convincing and original Miles Burton tale”. Such well-observed specifics definitely make Absence one of Street’s most evocative stories, and an enjoyable one at that.

The late-period Miles Burton editions are quite difficult to find. While the books Street wrote in the 1950s under his John Rhode pseudonym saw print in both Great Britain and the United States, the Burton stories were only published through the Collins Crime Club in the UK. I am grateful, then, for the wonderful library collective over at Internet Archive, which allows free digital lending of hundreds of mystery and crime books that might otherwise prove challenging and cost prohibitive to track down and read. The information page tells me that the Archive’s full-text scan of Murder in Absence was added in August, and such active curating is very exciting indeed.

Perhaps predictably, Internet Archive now must defend the legality of its online book loan practice in a lawsuit brought by four litigious, notably for-profit publishing companies. As the website claims to own a copy of every digitized book and has a clear electronic lending policy – upon checkout, users get access to the text for a limited time and never own a downloaded or printable copy during or after use – I don’t see how the Archive’s program differs from other e-lenders like Hoopla and OverDrive or from the beloved patron borrow-and-return traditions of our brick-and-mortar libraries. Until Internet Archive can no longer offer this wonderful service (and I hope that day never comes), I am excited to fully explore its growing online catalog of crime and mystery novels from previous eras.

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Book Review: VEGETABLE DUCK (1944) by John Rhode

2/8/2022

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Of the 80+ books I managed to read last year, the majority were from authors of classic detective fiction and five of them were penned by the prolific Cecil John Charles Street. Under the pseudonyms of John Rhode and Miles Burton, Street wrote (or, in the later half of his career, dictated) about 140 mysteries, and I find myself returning every couple months to try another title on this lengthy and impressive list. Why do I keep traveling these Rhodes, covering these Miles? What’s the attraction with this particular Street?
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With 1944’s Vegetable Duck, generally acclaimed as one of the author’s greatest successes, I am reminded again about the supreme comfortability generated when I read a story featuring Dr. Lancelot Priestley or Inspector Jimmy Waghorn. First, the writing is clear and forthright; Street’s prose stays away from any clutter, whether literary or introspective, that may slow the storytelling.

Next, the puzzle and its attendant questions – whodunit, how, and why – drive the plot with few, if any, detours or cul-de-sacs. Additionally but importantly, the crimes on display fully meet the spirit of classic detective fiction: they are usually curious and colorful, and the death of a character (and that character’s personality) is considered and dispassionate enough that the dispatching can be viewed as part of the puzzle and not as a grievous loss to humanity. In short, the Rhode and Burton stories are often extremely pleasing examples of the genre, comfortable and competent and very easy to process and enjoy.
 
There is another admirable asset on display in Vegetable Duck that kept this reader engaged and turning the pages. As mentioned, the inciting puzzle at the start of the story is specific and central: how was Letty Fransham fatally poisoned during dinner, and who is responsible? But the author quickly provides multiple related mysteries, equally intriguing, that will help answer these questions and that need to be investigated on their own merits. And Street weaves his principal and supporting puzzle threads masterfully throughout the tale. Who provided a mysterious phone message that called husband Charles Fransham away just before dinner was served? What connection might the country shooting death of Mrs. Fransham’s brother years earlier (with fellow hunter Charles a prime suspect) have to the poisoning? And who has been sending crude letters to Charles promising revenge for the brother’s death? Could it mean that it was Charles and not his wife who was the intended victim?
 
All of these tangential mysteries pop up in the book’s first chapters, with more taking shape as the story continues and another murder is committed. The most celebrated aspect of Vegetable Duck is the clever method employed to saturate a marrow with digitalis, but its brilliance in revelation is dulled somewhat because the enigma is not teased or solved through reader-collected clues. Instead, it’s presented as a show-and-tell demonstration by Dr. Priestley in Chapter 12, and thus takes on the quality of a lecture instead of an intellectual question for the reader to pursue. The many other clues that line Duck’s garden path –from a belated letter in the post that might have rescued Letty Fransham from her deadly dinner to a disguised visitor to that Mundesley Mansions flat days earlier – are relevant and fair-play, and their contributions give the plot a satisfying and propulsive fullness.
 
What’s more, Street incorporates elements of one of the most perplexing true-crime stories ever told, the 1931 murder of Julia Wallace in her home. According to his testimony, a phone call from a stranger arranging an after-hours business meeting with William Herbert Wallace led him on a fruitless search for an address that didn’t exist. Upon returning home, he recruited a neighbor to help him with a front door that would not open. They found Julia Wallace dead by the hearth, her head battered and lying on her husband’s raincoat. The case seems to turn on the strange summons that got William out of the apartment: if the call was genuine, who would have arranged this? Or was the message – taken down the day before by a fellow member at Wallace’s chess club and given to him – from Wallace himself, setting up an alibi so he could commit murder? That alluringly mysterious phone call clearly intrigued the author; he used the concept here and in his later novel The Telephone Call (1948).

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And if you are not from the United Kingdom and wonder about the book’s curious name and this era-specific recipe (and even what a marrow is), I am happy to share my findings. It turns out that vegetable duck need not contain duck; it is instead the filling and baking of minced meat inside a hollowed-out marrow. A marrow is similar to a zucchini, but larger with stripes and a thicker skin. Get yourself a lovely Churchyard Salad courtesy of Malcom Torrie to accompany, and John Rhode’s Vegetable Duck will surely be satisfying, if lethal. In the U.S., Dodd, Mead & Company published the book under the rather generic and not very apposite title Too Many Suspects as part of their Red Badge Mystery series a year later.
 
TomCat reminds me that botanical shenanigans can also be found in The Man Who Grew Tomatoes by Gladys Mitchell in his Duck review at Beneath the Stains of Time. Other blogs that have sampled this John Rhode dish include The Grandest Game in the World, In Search of the Classic Mystery Novel, Martin Edwards’ Crime Writing Blog, The Passing Tramp, and Pretty Sinister Books.

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Book Review: INVISIBLE WEAPONS (1938) by John Rhode

10/12/2021

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Invisible Weapons offers two crimes for the price of one: in the book’s first half, Inspector Jimmy Waghorn investigates the murder of Robert Fransham, a man found dead from a blow to the head in his brother-in-law’s home. The entrance to the washroom where Fransham’s body is found just happened to be under surveillance by a trustworthy constable at the time of his death, while the sole window leading outside was watched by the man’s chauffeur. The second half concerns the death by carbon dioxide poisoning of Sir Godfrey Branstock. In the latter case, the coroner reaches a verdict of accidental death due to a leak of sewer gas in Sir Godfrey’s wine cellar. In the former case, Waghorn and his superior, Superintendent Hanslet, focus on the one man with a clear motive: Fransham’s brother-in-law, Dr. Thornborough.
 
Are the two deaths related? Dr. Priestley seems to think so. If so, how was Robert Fransham struck down when he was alone in a room? And where is the weapon? Consensus from bloggers and readers place Invisible Weapons as a solid but unremarkable entry from author Cecil John Charles Street’s more than 140 detective stories published under the names John Rhode and Miles Burton. I would agree with that assessment: it is a breezy, fast read, aided by the two-for-one structure and a good representative title to show the author’s interest in plot and investigatory procedure with minimal interest in character development or complicated motives. It is also one of the few John Rhode titles currently in print, thanks to the recent publication of this book and three others by HarperCollins, who have resurrected the Collins Crime Club imprint.
 
As workaday as this genre story is, Street provides a few spots of enjoyable character development, such as the presence of Alfie Prince, a mentally deficient tramp who goes door to door asking for cigarettes and gets angry when denied his pleasure. I also appreciated the spirited speech of a neighbor named Willingdon, which shows that the author can infuse characterization through dialogue when he chooses to. (Much more often, Jimmy Waghorn will ask a question or two of a person and receive straightforward paragraphs in reply that read like a dispassionate witness statement.)
 
As reviewers have noted, it is the remarkable obtuseness of the police – and their complete failure to connect the dots without Dr. Priestley’s help – that strains credulity the most here. Hanslet in particular is fixated on Dr. Thornborough for Fransham’s murder, an unshakeable belief built principally on the fact that the suspect is the only one with an apparent motive: Fransham was about to change his will, and the doctor had recently fallen upon financial hardship. To his credit, Waghorn stops short of arresting Thornborough because he feels evidence is lacking. No one involved questions why a man would invite a near-estranged relative to his own home and then murder him under mysterious circumstances when an accident away from the estate would have generated far less suspicion and achieved a better effect.
 
Some proposed secondary theories are also head-scratching and unconvincing, yet Superintendent Hanslet accepts them as possible, no grain of salt needed. One example: because tramp Alfie (or at least his singular coat) was seen in the neighborhood of Adderminster shortly before the murder, one speculative idea is that Dr. Thornborough managed to get Alfie to kill for him. The doctor, knowing that Alfie’s mental stability sometimes caused blackouts and memory loss, would be safe as he could trust his assassin to promptly forget his role. Hanslet is astute enough to consider variations and scenarios like that one, but logic and common sense are given only to amateur criminologist Priestley. 

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​Perhaps it is for this reason that Dr. Priestley, with secretary Harold Merefield in tow, spends some of the later pages visiting the houses and poking around the washrooms and cellars himself. As the police view has calcified into stubborn dogma, the doctor’s rare outing is needed so he can gather additional facts that will explain the strange circumstances of each man’s death.
 
This is also one of those tales where quite a bit of luck and coincidence needs to go the murderer’s way, from the trajectory of the weapon to a rented truck sitting in a garage on the premises and conveniently overlooked for days after the crime. Perhaps that all comes with the territory of mystery fiction; it’s a pleasant enough garden path up which to walk. Just don’t look too closely at the reality of the details, either of the criminal’s fragile plan or of the policeman’s remarkable ignorance.
 
In part because of the modern reprinting, many reviews of Invisible Weapons can be found online. Among the learned bloggers spilling some virtual ink: TomCat at Beneath the Stains of Crime; Puzzle Doctor at In Search of the Classic Mystery Novel; Nick at The Grandest Game in the World; Martin Edwards at his Crime Writing Blog; and JJ and Aidan offer a detailed, spoiler-stuffed discussion at The Invisible Event.  

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